What you need to know about Italy’s Russian spy scandal

Italy has expelled two Russian officials and summoned Russia's ambassador after uncovering a suspected spy in the Italian navy. Here's a primer on the espionage scandal.

Cold War vibes as US shows military muscle in Norway

Norway cancels manoeuvres with Nato allies over virus fears

US Congress moves to block Trump’s withdrawal of troops from Germany

US to move 11,900 troops out of Germany

Trump: US plans to move some troops from Germany to Poland

Turkey lambastes France for backing ‘illegitimate warlord’ in Libya

US troops in Germany make both sides safer, says NATO chief

NATO chief defends US amid Germany troop withdrawal report

Let’s talk to the Taliban, says Guttenberg

SPD rules out support for Afghan combat troop increase

Military filmed Kunduz strike from ground

Germany’s rules of disengagement in Afghanistan

KSK special forces involved in Kunduz strike

Pressure mounts on Guttenberg over air strike

Holbrooke urges Berlin to increase troops in Afghanistan

Berlin to compensate Afghan air strike victims

US pilot opposed German Afghan attack orders

Bundeswehr sends off Schneiderhan amid Afghanistan scandal

Guttenberg: air strike ‘militarily inappropriate’

Parliament to investigate deadly Kunduz air strike

Berlin re-evaluates deadly Kunduz air strike

Jung resigns over Afghan air strike

German media roundup: Jung under fire for Afghan air strike

British troops to leave Germany under Tories

Defence minister expects Karzai to take action

Germany extends military mission in Afghanistan

Spain asks NATO for urgent medical supplies to fight coronavirus epidemic

Danish PM ‘not embarrassed’ prior to Trump Nato meeting

Denmark offers to lead Nato training mission in Iraq

Germany plans to up NATO defence spending to over €50 billion

Norwegian defence policy slammed as ‘anti-Russian’ in Moscow statement

Norway decides against participation in Nato missile defence system

U.S. Vice President Pence calls Germany’s stance on NATO ‘unacceptable’

US ‘optimistic’ France, Britain will join stay-behind Syria force

More women soldiers and less equipment: A look at Germany’s army in numbers

EU defence efforts musn’t hurt transatlantic bond: NATO chief in Berlin

Eight injured as Norwegian warship collides with Maltese oil tanker

Nato’s Cold War games in icy Norway: ‘We have been taking driving lessons on snow’

Russia to test missiles in Nato exercise area off Norway

Norway set to host biggest Nato exercises since Cold War

German troops face Russian ‘hybrid war’ in Lithuania: Merkel

US Army to boost strength in Germany by 1,500 troops

Swedish Defence Minister criticises Russian counterpart for spreading false information

Trump ‘has no strategy’ says German defence minister

Update: German Foreign Minister warns Trump wilfully damaging western security

Trump insists he has ‘very, very good’ relationship with Merkel

Merkel fires back at Trump: Germany makes independent decisions

Norway wants to double US troops and deploy them closer to Russia

Why Putin’s swearing-in ceremony showed Germany’s key role in Russia relations

Merkel’s coalition bickers over military and aid spending

US envoy Pompeo targets Germany over NATO spending

35,000 Nato soldiers to conduct exercises in Norway

Underequipped German army ever less ready for battle, damning report concludes

Germany not very ready to take over NATO’s very ready task force

Norway’s defence spending drops, increasing gap to Nato demands: report

Nato has no legal duty to come to Sweden’s aid, says secretary-general

Nato takes ‘disciplinary’ action over Turkey ‘enemy’ insult

NATO general tells Russia to ‘stop meddling’ following accusations of Catalonia interference

Norway responds to Nato request for Afghanistan troops

Turkey says citizens face ‘racist treatment’ in Germany

German MPs in Turkey for soldier visit amid tensions

Germany welcomes US troop boost in Afghanistan, but won’t follow suit

OPINION: Why good relations between Norway and Russia are necessary – and achievable

Germany ‘certain’ Trump would honour NATO pledges

German, Turkish foreign ministers to meet over airbase row

Trump lashes out at Germany, promises ‘change’ in relations

French photojournalist held in Turkey ends hunger strike: RSF

Trump meets Macron, says whole world talking about win

Norway could send more soldiers to Afghanistan: defence minister

Denmark to command Nato fleet in north Atlantic

Trump: Italy will ‘pay up’ for NATO

NATO boss urges Germany to spend more on its military

Germany on collision course with US ahead of Nato summit

German defence minister rejects Trump’s claims, says Berlin owes no debt to NATO

Germany wants change to NATO two-percent budget goal

Nato implores Austria and Turkey to kiss and make up

US army considers new base in northern Germany

Germany worried about scaring Europe with big military budget

This is how much German military spending has grown over time

Germany to boost troops to 200,000 as US urges more defence spending

German army battles ‘fake news’ of rape reports in Lithuania

‘The strength of the US has grown because of NATO’: Merkel

US will ‘moderate commitment’ to Nato if allies don’t spend more. Can Denmark deliver?

US will ‘moderate commitment’ to Nato if allies don’t spend more. Can Norway hit the goal?

Hundreds more German troops arrive in Lithuania amid Russia fears

Sweden to consider military partnership with UK

Turkish NATO soldiers seek asylum in Germany: report

German troops land in Lithuania amid Russia fears

‘Trump’s views on Russia could be a problem if Sweden wants to join Nato’

This is how Germany responded to Trump’s attacks on Merkel, car industry

US tank brigade arrives in Germany for eastern deployment

Trump praises Danes in phone chat with PM

Nato chief warns US against ‘going it alone’

‘Norway will suffer’: Russia makes nuclear threat over US Marines

Russia withdraws request to refuel warships in Ceuta

Russia criticizes US troop plans in Norway

Norway confirms US plans to deploy 330 Marines

Sweden to join Nato strategic centre: director

Lithuania eyes Norway air defence deal amid Russia fears

What would happen if Sweden joined Nato?

Swedish questions over Russia summit invitation

Germany stresses defence of Baltics after Trump comments

Norway to increase Nato contributions

German row with Turkey over military base escalates

Swedes have a change of heart on Nato once more

NATO couldn’t stop Russian attack on Baltics: US general

Germany slams NATO ‘warmongering’

Norway boosts defence against Russia threat

Sweden votes yes to controversial Nato deal

Why Sweden’s Nato deal could be delayed for a year

President Obama scolds Russia on Nordic threats

Swedes want answers from Russia after Nato warning

Why a Swedish director shot an anti-Nato film for his mum

Norway motorist killed in collision with tank

Swedish troops train with Nato forces in northern op

Nato investigates deadly Swedish clinic attack

Why is US storing new tanks in hidden Norwegian caves?

Pressure piles on Sweden to join Nato

Germany pushes NATO to work with Putin

Russia on agenda at Nordic Nato discussions

Nato to step up military presence in Nordics

Black Hawk Down Zaragoza? Nato exercise turns city into ‘warzone’

Sweden eyeing Nato help in propaganda wars

Italy willing ‘to keep troops in Afghanistan’

Defence Minister quizzed on ‘secret’ Nato talks

Sweden in secret talks to join ‘elite’ Nato unit

Swedish minister slams Russian Nato ‘threats’

Sweden and Poland agree closer military ties

More Swedes want to join Nato than stay out

Swedish party in U-turn on Nato membership

NATO troops join in large German training exercise

Denmark’s status in Nato threatened: top official

Nato boss sang anti-Nato songs as a youth

‘Hackers’ give orders to German missile battery

Nato warns Germany: pay your fair share

Nato spending goal is ‘nonsense’: Norway PM

Swedish military moves after Russia worries

‘Russia rehearsed invasion of Sweden’

‘We don’t want an arms race’: Stoltenberg

Russia warns of ‘risks’ should Sweden join Nato

Most Italians oppose Nato action to defend ally

French public oppose Nato action to defend ally

Should Ukraine join the EU? Spaniards think so

German public rejects Nato mutual defence

Norway role in Nato missile grid ‘necessary’

‘Russia no immediate threat,’ says Nato chief

‘We are lucky to have Stoltenberg’: Obama

Nearly one-third of Swedes want to join Nato

‘Sweden’s smug wisdom of neutrality is a farce’

Sweden eyes closer defence ties with Nato

Lithuania pushes to buy German artillery

Nordic ministers respond to Russian ‘aggression’

German troops quick off mark in Nato exercise

Norway Arctic exercise ‘a provocation’: Russia

German troops slated for Lithuania exercises

Nato chief: Spain is a ‘staunch ally’

‘No jokes at Nato HQ,’ moans new alliance boss

Nato chief warns Russia after Italy meet

Norway hones armed forces for Russia threat

Troops tote broomsticks at Nato war games

Stoltenberg ‘everything we asked for’: US envoy

BND double agent stole list of spies’ aliases

Sweden must ‘share responsibility’ for Iraq

Sweden’s opposition votes in woman leader

German troops to tip new Nato ‘spearhead’

Video: Russian jet nearly hits Nato jet over Norway

Yemeni sues Germany over US drone strikes

Jens Stoltenberg starts as new NATO chief

Ex-Nato head Fogh sets up consultancy

US recruits Denmark for fight against Isis

Denmark to send 300 troops to Baltics, Poland

Most Germans fear Russian action: Poll

Government keen on Nato forces in Sweden

Denmark will join Nato’s missile defense system

Nato chief Fogh confirms ‘Russian incursion’

Unknown planes ‘belonged to Russia’

Denmark to play key role in Nato’s Russia plans

Stoltenberg must stop Nato cuts: Rasmussen

New Nato head expects ‘enormous dilemmas’

‘Swedes prioritize welfare and jobs above security’

‘Sweden fights better than many Nato nations’

Putin praises new Nato chief Stoltenberg

Germans reject Nato intervention in Ukraine

‘No hawk on security’: Jens Stoltenberg profile

Stoltenberg named as next Nato boss

Stoltenberg an ‘excellent’ choice for Nato: Cameron

Stoltenberg alone in the race to lead Nato

Norway stops military cooperation with Russia

GALLERY: Nato troops’ Arctic ‘selfies’

Stoltenberg to be next Nato head: Aftenposten

Norway cancels Russia meetings over Crimea

Stoltenberg held winter talks in US on Nato role

Stoltenberg leads race to head Nato: Italian paper

Swedes train with Nato on Russian border

Arctic Norway ‘too cold’ for British troops

Western drift as security chiefs head to Munich

Swedish fighter jets to join Nato response force

Court jails NATO man for data spying

Swedish soldiers to join Nato response force

Saab poised for Boeing help in US fighter deal

‘Sweden’s defence crisis isn’t Russia’s fault’

Germany offers to keep 800 troops in Afghanistan

Afghans seek damages for Kunduz air strike

Bundeswehr ‘bullied’ by Turkish troops

World leaders head to Munich for security talks

Turkish mob threatens German soldiers

Alleged Russian spy couple in ‘Cold War’ trial

German troops heading to Turkey-Syria border

German command of Kosovo force renewed

Minister: civilian Afghan flight is ‘progress’

Air Force calls for armed Euro-made drones

Qatar in talks to buy 200 German tanks

Germany faces inflated Nato drone bill

NATO gives OK to European missile shield

Germans ditch Afghan base after Koran burning

Merkel questions Afghan pull-out timetable

US to withdraw more than 11,000 troops

Germany withdraws staff from Afghan ministries

Ramstein to host NATO missile shield command

German support for new North Africa underlined

Afghanistan troop withdrawl to begin in Jan

Merkel ‘sorry’ Pakistan to boycott Afghan meeting

Germany backs peace talks with the Taliban

NATO leader praises German role in Libya

Germany offers help finding Libyan weapons

Reopened embassy signals new era in German-Libyan relations

100 Germans involved in NATO Libya mission

Obama ‘very pleased’ with German role in Libya

Germany’s foreign policy zombie

Berlin resets Libya policy

Defence officials split over troops for Libya

Media roundup: Libya after Qaddafi

Germany offers to loan Libyan rebels €100 mln

Libyan rebels respect German military inaction

Germany to supply bombs for Libya mission

Berlin open to Libyan peacekeeping role

Former church leader criticizes German arms industry

Afghan police chief and German soldiers killed

German soldiers admit to shooting Afghans

De Maizière says Germany must pull its weight abroad militarily

Protest leaves soldiers hurt, Afghans dead

Defence Ministry warns cuts could ruin forces

NATO calls for Qaddafi ouster as Tripoli bombed

Bickering NATO allies discuss Libya in Berlin

Germany and China call for Libya ceasefire

De Maizière makes first trip to Afghanistan

Germany provokes more tensions over Libya

Bundestag votes to broaden Afghan mission

Bundeswehr general optimistic as Afghan regions tipped for handover

‘We’ve lost credibility in the Security Council’

Afghan police say woman killed by German troops

Three soldiers killed, several others injured

New nuclear pact ratified in Munich

Cabinet extends Afghanistan mission

Troops to start leaving Afghanistan in 2011

German troops stationed in France for first time since WWII

Biden: Berlin ‘dropped the ball’ in Afghanistan

Petraeus lauds Bundeswehr efforts

Afghanistan has ‘no military solution,’ German envoy says

Westerwelle confirms 2012 as Afghan withdrawal target

Donkey helps Bundeswehr fight Taliban in Afghanistan

Surging Afghan dislike of Bundeswehr troops

McAllister: UK troops leaving a ‘sad moment’

UK troop withdrawal shocks communities

Britain to remove troops from Germany by 2020

Guttenberg calls for ‘honesty’ about Afghanistan mission at memorial

Removal of nukes from Germany not on NATO agenda

Bundeswehr soldier killed in Afghanistan

Germany to end ‘nuclear sharing’ with US

Bundeswehr soldier injured in bridge attack

Bundeswehr closes probe against Klein for Kunduz air strike

Afghan politician calls German air strike payouts ‘laughable’

Kunduz air strike victims to get $5,000 payout

Westerwelle backs talks with Taliban

Berlin: Belt-tightening won’t hit Afghan mission

Politicians honour fallen Bundeswehr soldiers

CIA leak shows plans to market Afghan war to Europeans

Ministry calls lawyers’ demands for Kunduz bombing victims unrealistic

Obama might remove US nukes from Germany

Documents in Kunduz affair may have been destroyed

Klein addresses closed Kunduz air strike inquiry

Guttenberg calls for NATO reform, blasts Iran

China shows growing clout at Munich security conference

KSK reportedly had key role in Kunduz airstrike

Staying the course in Afghanistan

Berlin sending 500 extra troops to Afghanistan

Westerwelle backs plan to buy off Taliban

Germany to focus on training in Afghanistan, Merkel says

SPD: No additional troops for Afghanistan

Parliamentary probe into Kunduz affair begins

Kunduz governor calls Bundeswehr ‘ineffective’

Afghan opinion of Germany worsens

Germany mulling Afghan police training to avoid more troops

US to increase troops in German sector in Afghanistan

Guttenberg makes surprise Afghanistan visit

Guttenberg says Taliban waging ‘war’ against German troops

German fighter jet intercepts Russians in Baltic airspace

Military costs in Afghanistan outstrip reconstruction spending

Al-Qaida gaining ground for new recruits in Germany

Germany to send 1,200 police to Afghanistan

Berlin mulls increasing troops in Afghanistan

Afghans compensated for NATO air strike

Federal prosecutors to probe deadly NATO air strike in Afghanistan

Former general calls for Afghan withdrawal by 2012

Islamists make threats ahead of election

Top military rep rules out troop increase in Afghanistan

Bundeswehr: NATO clears German officer

Two more Germans turn up in terror videos

Soldier dies from injuries suffered in Afghanistan suicide attack

Westerwelle: Germany must stay in Afghanistan

Sources say German officer violated protocol in deadly air strike

Eight soldiers injured by Taliban attacks

Berlin asks NATO partners to keep quiet on deadly bombing

Bundeswehr dedicates fallen soldiers memorial

Merkel defends German mission in Afghanistan

Merkel to address parliament over air strike

The war in Afghanistan comes to Berlin

US-German relations fray over Afghan death probe

ISAF denies Afghan air strike broke NATO rules

EU criticises NATO air strike called by Germans

Four German soldiers hurt in bombing after air strike on tankers

UN probes fiery German battle with Taliban

Berlin calls air strike in Afghanistan ‘necessary’

Town transformed into Afghan village for military training

Anti-German Jihadist videos flood internet

Eurofighter planes get set for takeoff in Munich

Bundeswehr joins major Afghanistan offensive

Soldiers kill youth at Afghan checkpoint

Insurers deny dead soldier payouts with ‘war clause’

Outgoing NATO head pans Germany’s policy in Afghanistan

German soldiers die in Afghanistan attack

Troops in Afghanistan get heavy weaponry

Second video from German terrorist turns up online

Bundeswehr ambushed in Afghanistan

Two German soldiers shot in Taliban attack

SPD rejects amendment for military’s anti-piracy ops

Berlin girds for conflict in Afghanistan

Taliban leader won’t be tried in Germany

Five soldiers injured hours after Steinmeier arrives in Afghanistan

Kabul calls on Germany to help fight Afghan drug trade

Three German anti-NATO protesters get jail time

Thousands of students travel to Obama speech

Police clash with NATO summit protestors

Germany and France brace for NATO protests

Border checks resume for NATO summit

Germans oppose troops in Afghanistan

Jung headed to Afghanistan

Police arrest 17 during security conference weekend

In Munich, Karzai calls for reconciliation with moderate Taliban

Biden says US wants to renew ties with Moscow

NATO chief slams allies over Afghanistan efforts

Germany hosts talks on Iran’s nuke programme

Military group says more German police needed in Afghanistan

Steinmeier sends ‘let’s be friends’ letter to Obama

Steinmeier says West must engage Russia

Merkel against withdrawing troops from Afghanistan

Soldiers attacked twice in Afghanistan

US suggests Boeing alternative amid A400M transport woes

Polticians criticize Russia’s missile threats

Berlin unwilling to help Obama more in Afghanistan and Iraq

Berlin sees ‘completely new’ US foreign policy

German MPs warn against selling subs to Pakistan

Berlin extends anti-terror Naval mission off Horn of Africa

Dead soldier’s father says German troops ill-prepared

Germany ready to help stabilize Pakistan

Ex defence ministers: Germany is at war

German MPs vote to send more troops to Afghanistan

German cabinet backs new Afghanistan mandate

Bundeswehr AWACs in Afghanistan could direct combat sorties

Suicide bomber attacks German troops in Afghanistan

Insurgents attack Bundeswehr troops in Afghanistan

German Afghanistan base hit by rocket fire

Afghan minister calls for anti-rebel attacks in Pakistan

German military paid off Afghan victims’ families

Three civilians killed at German checkpoint in Afghanistan

Soldier killed in Afghanistan because of flimsy vehicle

Afghanistan hurting military recruitment efforts

German soldier killed in Afghanistan

Germans fear new Cold War

German troops kill first Afghan

Germany expects next Pakistan leader to help pacify Afghanistan

German aid workers shot at in Afghanistan

Three German troops hurt in suicide attack

Germany denies interest in Pentagon’s armed drones

German troops attacked in Afghanistan

Germany cheers Obama’s Berlin visit

Steinmeier lands in Afghanistan for surprise visit

Germany pledges 1,000 more troops to Afghanistan

Politicians demand Germany ditch US nukes

German general calls for 6,000 more NATO troops in Afghanistan

Termites attack German base on Afghan border

Jung: Germany must increase troop levels in Afghanistan

Ticking baby doll causes bomb scare at German NATO base

Bomb attack on German army thwarted in Afghanistan

Germany to send troops to western Afghanistan

German deployment during Iraq war illegal: top court

German military official says fight in south Afghanistan unwinnable

Two aid workers for German NGO missing in Afghanistan

Germans suspected in Afghan suicide plot

Merkel urges greater civilian role for NATO

Berlin’s Canadian conundrum on the Hindu Kush

Steinmeier warns NATO against antagonzing Russia

Bush won’t ask Germany to increase troops in Afghanistan

German troops hurt in Afghan attack

Canada demands Germany join south Afghanistan fight

Romania expels six Germans ahead of NATO summit

German MP demands return of Iron Cross medal

Germany sends 200 soldiers to Afghanistan

Suspected bomb near Swedish NATO meeting venue

NATO and security partners gather in Åre

Parliament supports Afghanistan troop boost

Moderates drop Nato demand

Swedes still against joining Nato

Sweden could join new Nato force

Sweden ready to join NATO anti-terror force

Swedes still opposed to Nato

Thousands demonstrate against Nato in Gothenburg

Swimming protesters stopped by police

Swedish defence minister says NATO membership ‘natural’

Swedish opposition to Nato shrinking

Debating NATO: Sweden and Finland keep their distance

Liberal Party calls for Sweden to join Nato force

Reinfeldt in unexpected visit to Afghanistan

Swedish support for NATO membership increases: poll

‘Isolationism is passé – Sweden needs to join NATO’: Liberals

Liberals: Sweden must join NATO

Police fear disruption at NATO military exercise

Activists arrested during NATO exercise

Swedish embassy targeted in bomb plot

Swedes kill three in Afghanistan fire fight

Taliban commander: ‘Swedes will be killed’

Sahlin seeks clarification on Sweden’s NATO ties

‘The world’s most complete partnership’

Swedish Gripen fighters on Libya standby

Swedes join NATO Baltic air exercise

Secret Swedish Cold War ops exposed

Government yes to Gripen deployment

Swedish UN worker dead after Afghanistan demo

Support for Swedish NATO membership drops

NATO asks Sweden for more help in Libya

Social Democrats ‘hopeful’ on Libya action

Social Democrats agree to keep Gripen in Libya

Riksdag votes to extend Libya mission

Swedish military PR group to Libya

Nato gives high marks to Swedish military

NATO rejects Swedish naval unit offer

Reinfeldt ‘open’ to Swedish troops in Libya

Swedes held for NATO HQ break-in attempt

Sweden agrees to help monitor Nato airspace

‘Sweden can’t count on help from Nato’

‘Non-alignment is part of Sweden’s self-image’

Sweden greenlights Gripen fighter purchase

Swedish pilot risks drop after ‘Top Gun’ stunts

Security probe into ‘one-week defence’ claim

Report confirms ‘one-week defence’ analysis

Russia mocks Sweden’s lack of military might

Global military spending falls: Swedish think tank

Sweden won’t demand Russia fly-by explanation

Russian spy plane spotted in Swedish strait

Swedish military leaks concern defence minister

Most Swedes doubt Sweden can defend itself

Russia ‘lacks capacity’ to attack Sweden: Reinfeldt

Sweden is important to Afghanistan: Kerry

More Swedes in favour of joining Nato: poll

Swedish parties want to get closer to Nato

Opposition approves Nato joint training

Sweden registers Nato force interest

NATO has ‘no intention’ to up presence in Arctic

Sarkozy greeted as a hero on return to Libya

Protesters smash glass over NATO chief’s visit

‘Mission accomplished’ in Afghanistan: Sunde

NATO names Norwegian ‘ambassador for women’

French NATO jet sent on Latvian intercept mission

Lithuanian and French NATO aircraft collide

Hollande confirms early Afghan pull-out

France hands Afghans control of key province

Senior French officer held on suspicion of spying for Russia

German role in NATO more vital now than ‘during Cold War’, says Merkel

Merkel: Franco-German treaty a step toward ‘European army’

Merkel calls for a ‘real, true’ European army

Nato says it’s ready to help Italy in Libya

Mexico to Merkel: we want ‘significant increase’ in trade

Germany grants asylum to Turkish military personnel: reports

Turkey urges Berlin to reject soldiers’ asylum bids

Trump and Merkel agree on NATO’s ‘fundamental importance’

Norway seeking ‘active’ role in EU’s defence strategy

Merkel blames Russia for breakdown of trust with NATO

Sweden: A divided EU is to Russia’s advantage

US backs Nato closure of Libya migrant route to Europe

Nato ‘three months’ from Libyan coast mission

Berlin extends border checks as Nato launches sea patrol

Putin ‘didn’t mean to scare Merkel with dog’

West must ‘treat Russia properly’: Juncker

‘It’s good that Swedish defence is quick to react’

Nato plans moves against Russia and Isis

Merkel to visit Kiev after NATO Baltic summit

Why Jens Stoltenberg is a natural choice for Nato

Berlin welcomes departure of Qaddafi

Most Germans support Libyan abstention