TIMELINE: When will Germany push through the new dual citizenship law?

People who meet the criteria for German citizenship are facing a tricky dilemma at present. Though long delays and bureaucracy make it tempting to get the ball rolling as soon as possible, many are also keen to wait until Germany's new liberalised laws come into place, allowing (among other things) the holding of multiple nationalities.

For those who don't quite meet the criteria yet, there are also plenty of reasons to count the days until the new law comes into force.

For one, the residence requirements will be drastically cut from eight years to five, meaning a far wider pool of internationals will be eligible for a German passport.

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Nevertheless, it feels as if foreigners have been waiting endlessly for this hotly anticipated reform. And indeed, almost two years have passed since the plans were first announced in the coalition agreement of the Social Democrats (SPD), Greens and Free Democrats (FDP).

There has been some progress in the past few months, however. 

In the run up to the summer break, the new nationality law was published on the Interior Ministry website and subsequently circulated among state governments and other stakeholders as part of a review and amendment process.

Following this process, the finalised bill was voted on by cabinet ministers on Wednesday, August 23rd, paving the way for a parliamentary vote.

So what are the next steps the government needs to clear in order to make the reforms a reality? And where are we in the process right now?

These are the key benchmarks to look out for in the coming weeks and months.

Read more about applying for dual citizenship in our German citizenship guide.

Statement in the Bundesrat 

The bill came to the Bundesrat in October this year and state leaders put a number of suggested amendments to the government, which they do not have to accept. 

Since the citizenship law doesn't impact state law, finances or the German constitution in a significant way, SPD MP Hakan Demir has previously said the bill would not have to be approved by the Bundesrat, meaning it will be impossible for the conservative-led states to block the legislation.

The Bundesrat is entitled to disagree with the bill, he said, but the Bundestag could easily overrule this again. 

The Bundestag vote

Now the cabinet has voted on the bill - and the Bundesrat has looked at it - it can finally make its way to the Bundestag, which is the lower house of parliament representing the federal government and MPs.

The Bundestag returned from summer recess on September 5th, but there's been no sign of the bill in the debating chamber since then.

However, after some delays due to debates around anti-Semitism, the bill now looks set to have its first reading on December 1st. 

This would be followed by a second reading with a potential further debate, more consultations and discussions, and then a final reading where parliamentarians could cast their vote. This is likely to happen in January. 

Once this stage is complete, all that remains is for the final bill to be signed into law by President Frank Walter Steinmeier (SPD) - assuming no Bundesrat vote in needed. 

The implementation phase

This is where things get a little bit less predictable: after signing the bill into law, the government will need to give local authorities a certain period of time to implement the changes.

If the government's Skilled Worker Immigration Law is anything to go by, this implementation phase would be around three to six months long - though nine is also possible for complicated legislation. 

However, if ministers are particularly keen for this to enter into force as soon as possible, they could also try and expedite this and get things done in much less time. 

New law enters into force: April 2024?

According to Demir, the Interior Ministry is hoping the law will be in place in April of next year.

"It is planned that the citizenship reform will come into force in April 2024 - and that this will also enable multiple citizenships and accelerated naturalisation," he explained.

This will be the moment that foreigners in Germany are waiting for. It will mean that they can officially apply for citizenship after just five years of residence - or three in exceptional circumstances - and that they can keep non-EU nationalities after nationalising as a German.

People aged 67 and over will also be able to forego language tests, while the children of migrants will automatically gain German citizenship provided their parents have been in the country for at least five years.

INTERVIEW: What is the biggest problem foreigners face when applying for German citizenship?

Should people submit their applications now?

This remains a tricky question for many, and depends quite a lot on where the application is submitted.

Anecdotally, there are some districts that manage to complete citizenship applications in just a couple of months - although these are definitely the exception rather than the rule.

Elsewhere, and particularly in the big cities like Berlin and Frankfurt, 18 months to two years tends to be the norm. That means that provided all goes to plan, most citizenship applications submitted now wouldn't be completed until after the new law comes into force.

In response to an enquiry from The Local, Berlin Mitte Citizenship Office clarified that, in these cases, people who applied before the law changes would still be able to keep their old citizenship after their application was processed. 

"The law that is applicable at the time when German citizenship is granted is the law that is applied," they explained. 

However, the only way to guarantee this happening is to submit your application only after the new regulations enter in force - since it's unlikely, but still possible, that your application may be processed in record time. 

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