Why is January 6th a public holiday in Sweden?
Trettondedag jul, literally "the thirteenth day of Christmas" always falls on January 6th. It's a public holiday in Sweden, although the fact that it this year falls on a Saturday means most people won't have the day off. But why is it celebrated it at all?
Trettondedagen, or trettondagen, or Epiphany as it is sometimes referred to in English, is the thirteenth day after Christmas Eve, the day when Swedes celebrate Christmas. Unlike most Swedish holidays such as Midsummer's Eve (midsommarafton), Easter (påskafton) and Christmas Eve (julafton), the trettondag holiday is celebrated on the actual day, rather than the night before on trettondagsafton.
As a Christian holiday, it marks the day the three wise men met baby Jesus and gave him the gifts of gold, frankincense and myrrh, and therefore the day God's son arrived on earth. In Denmark and Norway, the day is still referred to as helligtrekongersdag, or "day of the three holy kings".
Unlike the Twelfth Night or the last of the Twelve Days of Christmas, which is considered to be the last official day of Christmas in many Christian countries, the official final day of Christmas in Sweden falls on the twentieth day after Christmas, January 13th or tjugondag Knut. So, you can keep your decorations up for a while yet.
In Småland, trettondagen is sometimes referred to as farängladagen or änglafardagen (literally: "angel travel day"), as it was previously believed that the dead returned home the night between Christmas Eve and Christmas Day, returning to their graves on January 6th.
How is it celebrated in Sweden?
In modern Sweden, most people don't do anything in particular to celebrate trettondagen, other than perhaps taking down their Christmas decorations (although as mentioned above, many people do this on January 13th instead). It's a day off for many, and state-run alcohol chain Systembolaget is closed.
In the Swedish Church, trettondagen is a day for raising funds for various charitable campaigns elsewhere in the world.
The Swedish Church will often hold services on trettondagen or trettondagsafton. If you're interested, you can find out what services churches in your parish will be holding here. Just type in your address, then look for trettonhelg to see what's on.
How did Swedes celebrate in the past?
Traditionally in Sweden, the day was marked by boys and young men walking from town to town telling the story of the three wise men. These young men were known as stjärngossar (literally: star boys), a precursor to the stjärngossar you still see at Saint Lucia celebrations in modern Sweden.
This stjärngossetåg (star boy procession) would include the three wise men, Caspar, Melchior and Balthazar, who represented Europe, Africa and Asia, wearing pointy hats and white shirts, alongside King Herod, who Mary and Joseph were fleeing from (and the reason Jesus was born in a stable), Herod's servants and a julbock (Christmas goat).
These storytellers would occasionally be given presents or money, and taking part in a stjärngossetåg was often a way for poor boys and men to earn some money, or even be given something alcoholic to drink.
The julbock's role was to collect these gifts or money, and it could even have a funnel hanging from its jaw which would lead to a container to collect any snaps gifted to the procession.
This stjärngossetåg still exists in some parts of Sweden, such as on the islands in the Stockholm archipelago.
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Trettondedagen, or trettondagen, or Epiphany as it is sometimes referred to in English, is the thirteenth day after Christmas Eve, the day when Swedes celebrate Christmas. Unlike most Swedish holidays such as Midsummer's Eve (midsommarafton), Easter (påskafton) and Christmas Eve (julafton), the trettondag holiday is celebrated on the actual day, rather than the night before on trettondagsafton.
As a Christian holiday, it marks the day the three wise men met baby Jesus and gave him the gifts of gold, frankincense and myrrh, and therefore the day God's son arrived on earth. In Denmark and Norway, the day is still referred to as helligtrekongersdag, or "day of the three holy kings".
Unlike the Twelfth Night or the last of the Twelve Days of Christmas, which is considered to be the last official day of Christmas in many Christian countries, the official final day of Christmas in Sweden falls on the twentieth day after Christmas, January 13th or tjugondag Knut. So, you can keep your decorations up for a while yet.
In Småland, trettondagen is sometimes referred to as farängladagen or änglafardagen (literally: "angel travel day"), as it was previously believed that the dead returned home the night between Christmas Eve and Christmas Day, returning to their graves on January 6th.
How is it celebrated in Sweden?
In modern Sweden, most people don't do anything in particular to celebrate trettondagen, other than perhaps taking down their Christmas decorations (although as mentioned above, many people do this on January 13th instead). It's a day off for many, and state-run alcohol chain Systembolaget is closed.
In the Swedish Church, trettondagen is a day for raising funds for various charitable campaigns elsewhere in the world.
The Swedish Church will often hold services on trettondagen or trettondagsafton. If you're interested, you can find out what services churches in your parish will be holding here. Just type in your address, then look for trettonhelg to see what's on.
How did Swedes celebrate in the past?
Traditionally in Sweden, the day was marked by boys and young men walking from town to town telling the story of the three wise men. These young men were known as stjärngossar (literally: star boys), a precursor to the stjärngossar you still see at Saint Lucia celebrations in modern Sweden.
This stjärngossetåg (star boy procession) would include the three wise men, Caspar, Melchior and Balthazar, who represented Europe, Africa and Asia, wearing pointy hats and white shirts, alongside King Herod, who Mary and Joseph were fleeing from (and the reason Jesus was born in a stable), Herod's servants and a julbock (Christmas goat).
These storytellers would occasionally be given presents or money, and taking part in a stjärngossetåg was often a way for poor boys and men to earn some money, or even be given something alcoholic to drink.
The julbock's role was to collect these gifts or money, and it could even have a funnel hanging from its jaw which would lead to a container to collect any snaps gifted to the procession.
This stjärngossetåg still exists in some parts of Sweden, such as on the islands in the Stockholm archipelago.
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